Internet of Things
Internet
of Things (IoT) defines a network of material "objects" embedded with
sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and
sharing data with other devices and systems online. These materials range from
common household items to state-of-the-art industrial tools. With the advent of
very cheap computer chips and the ubiquitous availability of wireless networks,
it is possible to transform anything, from something as small as a tablet to
something as big as an airplane, into part of the IoT. Connecting all these
different devices and adding sensors to them adds a level of digital
intelligence to devices that would be mute, enabling them to communicate with
real-time data without involving anyone.
History of IOT
The
idea of adding sensory and intellectual properties was first discussed in the
1980's, when some university students decided to change the Coca-Cola marketing
machine to track its content remotely. But technology was great and progress
was limited. The term ‘Internet of Things’ was coined by 1999 by computer
scientist Kevin Ashton. While working at Procter & Gamble, Ashton proposed
the inclusion of radio-frequency identification chips (RFID) chips in products
to be tracked through a supply chain. He reportedly used the word 'internet' at
the time in his proposal to gain the attention of management. And the speech
stuck. Over the next decade, public interest in IoT technology began to emerge,
with more and more connected devices coming to market.
In
2000, LG announced the first smart refrigerator, in 2007 the first iPhone was
launched and in 2008, the number of connected devices exceeded the world's
population. In 2009, Google began testing non-motorized vehicles and in 2011,
Google's Nest smart thermostat hit the market, which allowed remote control of
moderate temperatures
Working of IOT
The
complete IoT system includes four different components: sensors / devices,
connectivity, data processing, and user interface. Below we will briefly
describe each component and what it does.
Sensor/ Devices
First,
sensors or devices collect data from their location. This can be as simple as
reading the temperature or as difficult as a full video feed. We use “sensors /
devices,” because most sensors can be integrated or sensors can be part of a
device that does more than just hear things. For example, your phone is a
device with many sensors (camera, accelerometer, GPS, etc.), but your phone is
not just a sensor. However, whether it is a stand-alone sensor or a full-blown
device, in this first step the data is collected in an environment.
Connectivity
Next,
that data is sent to the cloud, but it needs a way to get there! Sensors /
devices can be connected to the cloud in a variety of ways including: mobile,
satellite, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, low power network (LPWAN), or direct internet
connection via ethernet. Each option has a trade-off between power consumption
and bandwidth. Choosing which communication option is best for a specific IoT
application, but they all accomplish the same task: data acquisition in the
cloud.
Data Processing
When
data reaches the cloud, the software performs some sort of processing on it.
This can be very simple, such as checking that the temperature is within the
acceptable range. Or it may also be more complicated, such as using a computer
video in a video to identify things (such as intruders). But what happens when
the temperature is too high or when someone enters your house? This is where
the user comes in.
User Interface
Next,
the information is made usable by the end user in some way. This may happen
with a user-alert (email, text, notification, etc.). For example, a text
warning when the temperature is too high in a company's cold storage area.
Also, the user may have an interface that allows him to continuously check the
system. For example, a user may want to check video feeds in his or her home
with a mobile app or web browser. However, it is not always the same. Depending
on the IoT application, the user can also perform an action and touch the
system. For example, a user may remotely adjust the temperature in a cold
environment using an application on his phone. And some actions are performed
automatically. Instead of waiting for you to adjust the temperature, the system
can do this automatically with pre-defined rules. And instead of just calling
you to report a criminal, the IoT system can also automatically notify the
relevant authorities.
Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial
Internet of things (IIoT) is the use of intelligent sensors and actuators to
improve productivity and industrial processes. Also known as the industrial
Internet or Industrial 4.0, IIoT uses the power of intelligent machines and
real-time statistics to take advantage of the "dumb machines" used in
industrial settings for years. The driving philosophy behind IIoT is that smart
machines are not only better than humans at capturing and analysing data in
real time, but also better at conveying important information that can be used
to drive business decisions faster and more accurately.
Benefits of IIoT
1. Greater energy efficiency:
Wide implementation of industry 4.0 technology in the industries made easy to make products in minimum energy as well as time hence the energy efficiency of IIoT is increased.
2. Reduced costs:
As increased efficiency is a result of saved energy and time so the cost required to manufactured product reduces.
3. Better quality products:
Use of machineries with the automation quality of product gets increased. For example, use of CNC machine will better quality product with same accuracy.
4. Improved decision-making potential:
AL-MI is widely used in industries therefore, personnel error are get removed and decision making gets improved with the more and more use of IIoT.
5. Less equipment downtime:
Most of the time equipment’s are engaged with their work so downtime reduces.
IoT reduces the time to send signals from one process to another as well as operator can handle many machines at a time efficiently. Proper planning in industry with six sigma has been added a very good impact on reducing the downtime.
In short, the automation and data-gathering capabilities of IIoT devices make for a more efficient workplace. As less energy is used, product efficiency is enhanced, and metrics are assessed, industrial businesses have the potential to streamline practices like never before. Since every downtime incident causes an average loss of $17,000, the application of IIoT in predictive maintenance alone can mean substantial savings.
Applications:
1. Real time asset monitoring
Manufacturers use IOT assets to connect machines
and system. This is a paradigm shift that enables real-time asset monitoring.
The combined assets provide the ability to monitor device reliability,
compliance and security in real time. Asset monitoring is commonly used in
remote manufacturing to help sensor track the production process and send
status to appropriate personnel. It also provides a platform for managing and
controlling assets to improve operation and production. Enables proactive and
timely manufacturing decisions. Manufacturing inventory tracking makes it easy
to monitor the status of key equipment and finished products. Expand logistics,
maintain inventory and avoid quality issues.
Saviant's IoT
consultants built this robust IoT solution using the Azure
IoT platform, which connects 50,000 smart meters
and processes billions of data. Smart
metering solutions not only save billions
of litres of water, but also accurately
bill, water usage, leaks, waste, theft,
meter status, and more operational efficiency KPI revenue and
improved real-time visibility. Let's take a quick look at the
robust architecture of this smart metering solution. Take a
quick look at the robust architecture of the solution.
2. Predictive maintenance of assets
Millions
of dollars are spent operating and maintaining the machine. However, timely
equipment maintenance can prevent interruption in the production process.
Manufacturers can also significantly reduce operating costs, if they can
identify before downtime occurs. Sensor, data analysis, and cameras in IIOT
allow machines to predict failures before they occur. Such detections help
create strategic maintenance schedules that can only be performed when needed.
Consider repairing the levee breach before the interruption occurs. Manufacturers
are using IOT to adopt a vibrant, competent, automated manufacturing process
with autonomous maintenance schedules, rather than relying on unreliable
maintenance personnel. This triggers a better planned maintenance process and
promises significant cost saving. This reduces equipment downtime and extends
machine life.
Wind
Farms generate large amount of structured and unstructured WTG data. This data
is used to trigger alarms in the event of a failure such as a mechanical
component failure, generator malfunction, or gearbox failure. A smart solution
developed by the Saviant team enables wind farm operations teams to take swift
and smart actions to minimize asset disruption and avoid future operational disruption.
1. ‘The Industrial Internet of Things’; paper by Huge Boyes, Bil Hallaq, Joe Cunninghum, Tim Watson; 2018.
2. ‘Research on the Smart Medical System Based on NB-IoT Technology’; paper by Yanming Cheng, Xiequi Zhao, Jing Wu, Hemiao Liu, Yulian Zhao, Mahmoud Al Shufara, Iikyoo Lee; 2021.
3. ‘Development of Smart Healthcare Monitoring System in IoT Environment’; paper by Md. Milon Islam, Ashikur Rahaman, Md. Rashedul Islam; May, 2020.
4. Special issue on IoT, Cloud, Big data and Machine learning; recent Advances and Future Trends’;paper by Md. Dilshan Ansari, Mohammed Usman; June, 2019.
5. ‘A Comprehensive Analysis of Intrusion Detection System for IoT Environment’; paper by Jose Costa Sapalo Sicato, Sushil Kumar Singh, Shailendra Rathore, Jong Hyuk Park; August, 2020.
6. ‘Blog on Top 3 Industrial IoT Implementations in Manufacturing’ by Saviant.
Blog by - TY_ME_D_Batch 2_Group 5
40 - Tanvi Shinde
44 - Shubam Pandoh
48 - Rutuja Solankar
50 - Pushkar Sonawane
52 - Bhushan Suda
Guided by:
Prof. K. A. Shirbavikar
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